Writing a Narrative Essay on Three Topics

Writing a Narrative Essay on Three TopicsWriting a narrative essay on three topics is not that difficult. You may be surprised at how easy it is. It is important to write and compose a logical essay because the essay is one of the most difficult things to write. The narrative essay on three topics will give you the highest success rate of writing your essay.The first topic that you should think about is one that is to do with you. Why did you take this job, where did you go to school, or what made you want to get a college degree? Why did you get the job, what benefits did you get from it, and how much do you feel you'll benefit from it? These are all questions that you need to answer before beginning to write the essay. By answering these questions you'll be able to express your emotions, put yourself in a position of being able to talk about things, and it will be easier for you to get into the mindset to get down to business with the topic.The second topic that you should think ab out is one that is related to the first topic. The essay is going to be more engaging if it is about something that you are really passionate about. If you don't care about the topic at all, then it might be hard to start writing it since you are too immersed in your job.The third topic should be one that you found out about through some kind of outside source. The reader will see that you found out about the topic through some form of information that has come from the outside.The second topic that you should be thinking about is one that you found out about as an employee. This topic is more important than the first, because it tells the reader what you have learned from the experience of the other topics. The more things that you have learned the better for your career. So, this is very important information that you should include.The third topic that you should be thinking about is one that is related to the second topic. If you worked in a part of the industry where you had to learn a lot of different things, then this topic is going to be even more important to include. Just make sure that you consider the topics that you want to include in the essay, and make sure that you are very specific with each one.This is just a basic outline of what you should include in your topic. Just keep it simple, make sure that you use many details, and focus on the big idea. After all, you're trying to turn your narrative essay on three topics into an original, unique essay. A unique essay is one that is both informative and interesting to read.

Essay Topics For El High School Students

Essay Topics For El High School StudentsWriting an essay should not be an intimidating task for students, it is much more challenging for a High School student to write an essay topic. They do not have the material already prepared from home to help them so they need to build their own topics, but most students do not know how to go about doing this. As long as you take the initiative and start your own, they will be able to do this.Some of the top essay topics for the High School are; History, Religion, Literature, Government, Arts and Science. Of course, you can always change topics if you feel you have enough materials. Some of the topics students find the hardest to write are; History, Politics, Poetry, Religion, Economics, and other things like that. It does not really matter what topics you want to write, it is just important that you find what you are good at and then come up with the topic you can write.If you feel that you have enough materials to write a topic that you have been wanting to do for some time, it is time to plan out where you want to start and when you want to finish. By knowing the deadlines you want to meet, you will be much more successful.For example, you may have your main idea but need to find a topic to drive the topic with. Then you need to come up with some ways to draw your readers into your main idea, maybe you can ask them some questions to see if they can help to close the topic.Then there are the topics students don't have enough information on, they need to come up with them. It could be anything from a real person, a political debate, a cartoon, or a certain subject.In addition to writing the topic, you will need to brainstorm with your students about the topics and make sure you all get something in common about what we are trying to get across. For example, one topic could be 'The Human Spirit' and the other could be 'Climate Change.' This way when you get to the middle, your class gets more involved and hopefully devel ops the idea into a 'How To' book.In conclusion, don't be afraid to keep on having a new idea. Try to keep your topic's simple enough for all of your students to understand.

Getting Approved For Scholarships With a Sample Common App Essay

Getting Approved For Scholarships With a Sample Common App EssayDid you know that the Johns Hopkins Sample Common App Essay is not the only application out there? Sure, there are numerous popular and published software programs that can help you score college admission. However, some of them will simply select high school students for their tests and once the score comes back positive, you can then get your scholarship application and college acceptance letter. Johns Hopkins is one of the best schools in the United States that doesn't really do that.In order to receive a scholarship and college admission with a Sample Common App Essay program, you first need to apply for the scholarship first. Since these scholarships tend to be based on which program they are covering, you must first get accepted as a member of a particular program, typically a national program. This should be done online and be done either by applying for the College Board or other standardized application.Once you are accepted, you need to submit your application. Since you'll be paying a fee of at least $400, there are other organizations that you can apply for that will send you a scholarship application. Johns Hopkins doesn't do this; however, they still offer other interesting scholarships.In addition to the usual resources, Johns Hopkins also offers several special scholarship programs that you can apply for. One such scholarship is called the Johns Hopkins Special Scholarship Program. You can apply for this scholarship if you are a student who has a cumulative grade point average over two thousand points and you are active in the student services or administration department.If you are a math and science major, then you will definitely be considered for the Johns Hopkins STEM Scholars Program. The Science Scholars Program is another program offered by Johns Hopkins, but there are some requirements that you must meet in order to become a part of it. These requirements are definitely wor th applying for because it can give you the opportunity to attend a top-tier research university, while also helping you pay for college.If you don't meet all of the requirements of the particular scholarship offered by Johns Hopkins, you'll still be able to apply for it by applying elsewhere. The ones they will accept are those that are based on personal attributes and personality.Many people assume that you need to apply for the Johns Hopkins Student Financial Aid Office Scholarship Application. While this is true, you should check to see if they have any other scholarship options that you can take advantage of.

An Analysis of Accountability in Traditional, New and Networked Public Management

An Analysis of Accountability in Traditional, New and Networked Public Management Introduction Articles such as Considine (2002) and Kluvers Tippett (2011) detail the importance of accountability in governance and how it is an integral aspect in establishing proper public management and policy networks. It is quite interesting to note though that traditional public management as well as new public management have different views and criticisms on how accountability should be applied in the field of governance.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on An Analysis of Accountability in Traditional, New and Networked Public Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, in traditional public management accountability is thought of as a type of formal and hierarchical framework from which managers within their respective departments comply with a set format of rules, regulations and standards of conduct. However, as described by Wood (2004) in his examination of accountability in traditional public m anagement, this type of accountability often results in slow systems wherein in their desire to comply with set standards of accountability managers actually fail to implement discretionary measures to get the job done so to speak which results in an unwieldy system of governance (Wood, 2004: 1-30). Researchers such as Considine (2002) who examined accountability in public management even point out that too much of it can clog up the works, diverting resources and opening organizations to perverse pressures (Considine, 2002: 21-40). It is based on these different accounts of what accountability consists of that it is necessary to determine how accountability is applied differently in different methods of public management. The purpose of this essay to is to analyze the various changes that occur in public accountability. This ranges from examining traditional public administration, to going over network governance and finally to briefly elaborating on new public management. This ess ay is divided into four main sections: an initial section that will examine the theoretical aspects of public accountability, after which it will delve into the 3 models of public administration in which the differences in the three models in terms of accountability will be explained and lastly this paper will attempt to demonstrate public accountability in network governance. This paper will help to reveal how too much accountability in traditional public management and policy networks can clog the works as stated by Considine (2002) and to what extent should accountability be applied to avoid stagnation due to fear and hesitance or to prevent abuse as a direct result of too much freedom.Advertising Looking for essay on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More What are the theoretical aspects of public accountability? It is interesting to note that the concept of accountability is considered an importa nt aspect of any government entity. The reason behind this is quite simple; it acts as an integral facilitator of the relationship between the government and ordinary citizens since it holds public officials accountable for their actions (Alford Hughes, 2008). Studies such as those by Martin Halachmi (2012) explain that public accountability should be considered a hallmark of effective governance since without it, it is likely that government bureaucracy could fall into a state where it becomes omnipotent and innately corrupt (Martin Halachmi, 2012: 189-23). According to studies such as those by Kluvers Tippett (2011), the concept of accountability should not be interchanged with that of responsibility (Kluvers Tippett, 2011: 3-9). Responsibility is considered the manner in which a manager or department head is responsible for the actions of their employees to a certain degree. This does not mean that they are liable for all errors committed; rather, they are responsible for ac tions committed which are done in the line of duty. In the case of accountability this takes the form of being accountable for the success or failure of particular programs based on their performance (Koliba et al., 2011: 210-220). A manager cannot simply offset the blame towards his/her subordinates; rather, regardless of errors committed that manager/official was still liable for the aftereffects of the program and should face the consequences of such actions (Koliba et al., 2011: 210-220). A working culture is defined as the set of organization traits and practices that employees follow within a given business environment. As such their actions, practices and goals are all determined by the working culture by which they adhere their actions to. What must be understood is that different working cultures promote various types of behaviors within their employees one of them is the idea that they are accountable for their actions (Pennington, 2009: 146-150). As stated by Samaratunge, Alam Teicher (2008), public accountability it is meant to invoke a sense of reliability, loyalty, justice and trust between the public and the official in charge (Samaratunge, Alam Teicher, 2008: 101-126). By being accountable for ones actions, this ensures the public that those in charge of the public good are doing so based on the awareness that their actions will be judged with the official being liable for the end result, whether good or bad.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on An Analysis of Accountability in Traditional, New and Networked Public Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In order to understand more about this concept, it is necessary to understand how accountability is divided in the present Samaratunge, Alam Teicher (2008). Through the study of Chan Rosenbloom (2010), accountability is divided into 4 distinct types, namely: hierarchical legal political professional In the case of politica l and professional accountability, it is important to note that these grant a greater degree of autonomy wherein public officials are allowed more leeway in terms of discretionary measures that can be utilized in order to pursue particular tasks (Chan Rosenbloom, 2010: 21-33). This is particularly important to take into consideration since studies such as Kluvers Tippett (2011) explain that when it came to public management overly strict accountability checks on governments often led to a degree of hesitance in developing new policies and public management strategies which resulted in a complacent or even stagnant form of governance (Kluvers Tippett, 2011: 519-527). In such cases, officials were often too hesitant or fearful in performing particular duties or establishing particular reforms due to the burden of accountability. This was noted when it came to hierarchical and legal accountability wherein there were more â€Å"checks† when it came to performing particular act ions which resulted in an active discouragement of discretionary measures in public management. In the case of new public management such limitations were apparently addressed by freeing officials within the government to a certain extent to allow them the freedom to better manage policies, strategies and employees to make their system of public management more effective (Alford Hughes, 2008:148. One iteration of this came in the form of privatization of functions that were originally within the domain of government departments (Kluvers Tippett, 2012: 519-527).  Other forms of accountability as expressed by Burns Zhou (2010) include organizational accountability, individual accountability, collective accountability and corporate accountability (Burns Zhou, 2010: 7-34). Basically, what these forms of accountability emphasized when it came to public management was that as a result of various government officials and employees being entrusted with tax payer money in order to prov ide particular services, they in turn have the obligation to utilize these funds in a proper manner and in effect be accountable for doing so.Advertising Looking for essay on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is based on this that when officials and employees violate the sanctity of this trust that they should be punished to the fullest extent of the law.  Another aspect of accountability that should be taken into consideration is the concept of an organizations accountability to perform. As stated by Demirag Khadaroo (2011) government institutions are accountable to the general public in being able to provision the benefits and services that they are being paid to accomplish (Demirag Khadaroo, 2011: 271-296). This creates the needs to establish particular objectives, goals, metrics and bench-marks that are needed in order to ensure that governments are well aware of the necessity of reaching these particular goals in order to stay true to their accountability to the general public (Demirag Khadaroo, 2011: 271-296 ). Clear evidence of a violation of government accountability to performance was noted in the case of the political culture within the U.S. involving the tempestuous re lationship between Republicans and Democrats. During the decision to raise the debt ceiling (2011 2012), it was the adversarial political culture between the two parties that stalled the necessary decision to raise the debt ceiling to such an extent that Standard and Poor actually downgraded the investment grade status of the U.S. as a result. By the beginning of 2012 public perception regarding the continued effectiveness of the U.S. government significantly waned given that the sheer lack of accountability to perform that was displayed. Examining Accountability in Traditional Public Administration As explained earlier, accountability in traditional public administration is seen through the lens of political and democratic accountability. In such cases government officials and employees are held accountable to the general population by way of the popular vote. This means that those in the civil service are accountable to the countrys citizens by way of the politicians that they se rve. It should be noted though that there are distinct problems with the TPA model involving accountability (Heinrich, 2002: 712-725). First and foremost, while politicians are held accountable by the general public for the failure of particular projects or policies, the administrators of such projects are at times not held liable for failure despite their intimate role in the projects/policys inception and execution. Another problem with the TPA model of accountability comes in the form of its emphasis on capturing mistakes rather than showing achievements. In such cases, politicians and administrators often to follow the past of least resistance in enacting certain projects or policies. In this regard the hesitance seen among the members reveals the unwillingness to commit mistakes since it is often the mistakes rather than the achievements that are the primary focus of the TPA accountability model. This results in the same problems described by Considine (2002) who examined accou ntability in public management wherein he stated that too much accountability can clog up the works, diverting resources and opening organizations to perverse pressures (Considine, 2002: 21-40). The TPA model involving accountability helps to reduce the amount of mistakes made through greater supervision of actions due to the liability of politicians towards the actions of their subordinates, the fact remains that this results in a slower form of public management. In the examination of Humphrey Miller (2012) on accountability practices, Humphrey and Miller attempted to determine the impact of accountability on public management, they were able to reveal that less accountability resulted in a more efficient system of governance since this allowed officials to pursue results rather than specifically focus on the procedures involving the financial and legal aspects of public management (Humphrey Miller, 2012: 295-327). Examining Accountability in New Public Management Based on the w ork of Wimbush (2011) which examine the new public management model of accountability, citizens are viewed as customers with public officials being the managers ensuring that these customers are satisfied with the services that they are being given (Wimbush, 2011: 211-218). In the case of the NPM model of accountability, managers (i.e. public officials) shifted the focus more towards improving the relationship between the government and the citizenry as compared to the previous model which focused more on developing a more hierarchical process of accountability (Ospina, Grau Zaltsman, 2004: 229-251). In this case the bureaucracy of accountability was shifted towards the side of the citizens wherein they, as consumers of the services of the government, are better positioned to be evaluators of public agencies.  The main different between the NPM model and the TPA model of accountability is that the latter is actually considered inefficiently due to the way in which it focuses on t he control of expenditure rather than the actual outcome of a policy or project. As explained by Zapico-Goà ±i (2007) such a form of governance rarely achieved sufficient results given the level of stagnation brought about by hesitance to operate beyond indicated guidelines as a direct result of accountability (Zapico-Goà ±i, 2007: 421-438). One of the most notable differences between the accountability models is the fact that the NPM model focuses on performance accountability wherein the measurement of performance involving the implementation of policies and the use of resources is the focus rather than accountability for mistakes made found in the TPA model. It is actually due to this focus on performance rather than the avoidance of mistakes that makes the NPM model superior to a certain extent as compared to the TPA model since it encourages action rather than complacency. Studies such as those by Hildebrand McDavid (2011) have even stated that through the NPM model, public management improved significantly as a result of a greater government predilection towards creating and establishing new projects and policies meant to assist the general public (Hildebrand McDavid, 2011: 41-72). The last difference between the two models comes in the form of a shift towards allocating accountability towards the private sector when it is utilized in government projects and public services (Narayanan et al., 2007: 37-65). However, despite the apparent effectiveness of accountability due to the shift to new public management, there are still issues that need to be addressed such as whether the current form of accountability within new public management is actually more effective than traditional public management or if the freedoms found in the new system cause more problems than they actually solve. This is not to say that accountability should be removed from the formula of governance, far from it, accountability to ones superiors and ultimately to the general publ ic is an essential aspect for governance for without it the likelihood for abuse or mismanagement exists. Accountability in Network Governance In the network governance model, accountability becomes more horizontal rather than vertical wherein the utilization of various public agencies to help the government better understand the needs of the people resulted in the creation of public value wherein the government attempted to develop an effective and active relationship with the local citizenry (Brodkin, 2008: 317-336). As a result, the NG model combines the cooperation and combination of the public and private sectors in order to achieve the results the government desires.  A better way of seeing the impact of accountability in the network governance model is to look at it from the point of view of its decentralized nature. With various sectors and component agencies constituting this particular model, there is no centralized structure that dictates actions wherein each agency or sector is able to act based on what they perceive to be the most appropriate form of action at the time. This is considerably different to the hierarchical model seen in traditional public management wherein its top down structure ensured that those at the top found themselves accountable and liable for the actions of those at the bottom thereby resulted in an increased level of supervision and limitation on individual initiatives. The end result is that the network governance model of accountability, just like the new public management model of accountability, allows government officials to better respond to the needs of the general public without letting the intricacies of accountability mixed with bureaucracy impede their actions. Conclusion Based on the various facts and arguments that have been presented in this paper so far, I have come to the conclusion that there is an insufficient degree of independent checks and balances system in the current accountability frameworks of g overnance that have been talked about. The basis behind a check and balances process is to ensure that one facet of an organization does not become supreme in that based on a system of regulation one branch of a particular organization can regulate the other. The concept of accountability is actually the basis of this particular process since without a system of regulation where one branch limits the other the possibility of actions without regard to possible accountability is a definite danger that could happen. In the case of a successful organization a proper checks and balances process will be composed of several departments being limited in their action by other department with each aspect of the process having a certain degree of accountability. For example in the case of the healthcare industry doctors are held in check by healthcare providers by ensuring that only necessary tests are done to the patient in order to minimize the possibility of extra expenditure. It is true th at government officials should be held accountable to their actions, however, the fact remains that with the earlier example of the U.S. and its debt ceiling shown, in the current system, despite the fact that it has been greatly improved since its previous iteration is is still lacking in sufficient checks and balances to ensure that public management is done based on a solid belief in accountability for actions that are done or not accomplished at all. Reference List Alford, J., Hughes, O. (2008). Public value pragmatism as the next phase of public  management. The American Review of Public Administration, 38(2), 130-148. Brodkin, E. Z. (2008). Accountability in Street-Level Organizations. International Journal  Of Public Administration, 31(3), 317-336 Burns, J. P., Zhou, Z. (2010). Performance Management in the Government of the  Peoples Republic of China: Accountability and Control in the Implementation of  Public Policy. OECD Journal On Budgeting, 2010(2), 7-34. Chan, H. S., Rosenbloom, D. H. (2010). Four Challenges to Accountability in  Contemporary Public Administration: Lessons From the United States and China.  Administration Society, 4211S-33S. Considine, M. (2002). The end of the line. International Journal of Policy, 15(1), 21-40. Demirag, I., Khadaroo, I. (2011). Accountability and value for money: a theoretical  framework for the relationship in public-private partnerships. Journal Of  Management Governance, 15(2), 271-296. Heinrich, C. J. (2002). Outcomes-Based Performance Management in the Public  Sector: Implications for Government Accountability and Effectiveness. Public  Administration Review, 62(6), 712-725. Hildebrand, R., McDavid, J. C. (2011). Joining public accountability and performance management: A case study of Lethbridge, Alberta. Canadian Public  Administration, 54(1), 41-72. Humphrey, C., Miller, P. (2012). Rethinking impact and redefining responsibility the  parameters and coordinates of accountin g and public management reforms.  Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal, 25(2), 295-327. Kluvers, R., Tippett, J. (2011). The Views of Councillors and Managers on  Accountability in Local Government: An Empirical Study in Australia. International  Journal Of Management, 28(2), 519-527. Kluvers, R., Tippett, J. (2012). The NPM: The Trojan Horse in Accountability.  International Journal Of Business Management, 7(3), 3-9 Koliba, C. J., Mills, R. M., Zia, A. (2011). Accountability in Governance Networks: An  Assessment of Public, Private, and Nonprofit Emergency Management Practices  Following Hurricane Katrina. Public Administration Review, 71(2), 210-220. Martin, M. H., Halachmi, A. (2012). Public-private partnerships in global  health: addressing issues of public accountability, risk  management and governance. Public Administration Quarterly, 36(2),  189-23 Narayanan, V., Schocht, H. P., Harrison, G. L. (2007). The interplay between  accountability a nd management control patterns in public sector outsourcing.  International Journal Of Business Studies, 15(2), 37-65. Ospina, S., Grau, N., Zaltsman, A. (2004). Performance evaluation, public  management improvement and democratic accountability. Public Management  Review, 6(2), 229-251 Pennington, R. G. (2009). Yes, but how? Nine tips for building a culture focused on  results, relationships, and accountability. Industrial Commercial Training, 41(3),  146-150. Samaratunge, R., Alam, Q., Teicher, J. (2008). Public sector reforms and  accountability: The case of south and Southeast Asia. Public Management  Review, 10(1), 101-126 Wimbush, E. (2011). Implementing an outcomes approach to public management and  accountability in the UK-are we learning the lessons?. Public Money   Management, 31(3), 211-218 Wood, R. S. (2004). The New Public Dilemma: Supervision vs. Empowerment on the  Front Lines of Government. Conference Papers Midwestern Political Science  As sociation, 1-30. Zapico-Goà ±i, E. (2007). Matching Public Management, Accountability and Evaluation in  Uncertain Contexts. Evaluation, 13(4), 421-438

Disappointed + Preposition

Disappointed + Preposition Disappointed + Preposition Disappointed + Preposition By Maeve Maddox A reader asks: Could you write about which preposition should be used after disappointed (e.g., in, at, with, by)? Please explain the instances to use them correctly. I don’t think it’s possible to lay down a hard and fast rule about which preposition should follow disappointed, but I’ve gathered some headlines and quotations from the Web that illustrate what seems to me to be the most common usage. His military dad was disappointed in him. My parents are disappointed in me. Disappointment is an emotion. The preposition that follows disappointed hints at the intensity of the emotion involved. â€Å"Disappointed in† suggests that a betrayal has taken place. The source of the disappointment is usually a loved and trusted person whose actions are seen by another as a betrayal. The trusted person’s very character is in question. This kind of disappointment shakes a relationship. In is also used when trust has been placed in an entity or institution from which something else was expected: New Hope parents, students disappointed in courts decision Drivers in Liberia are expressing frustration and disappointment in the Federation of Road Transport Union (FRTUL) for its alleged failure to meet their needs. â€Å"Disappointed by† lacks the sense of betrayal conveyed by â€Å"disappointed in†; with by the emotion seems to be more one of surprise: Kim Simplis Barrow says she’s disappointed by church’s position â€Å"Disappointed with† seems to have the broadest application. We’re disappointed with products or with how things are done: †I am deeply disappointed with how WorkSafe conducted this investigation,† Clark told reporters. iPhone users are disappointed with the iOS 7.1 software update thats draining their batteries Julien Disappointed With Bruins’ Effort In  Winnipeg Chase disappointed with outcome of 2014 Legislative sessions Preposition use is changing rapidly. For example, nonstandard â€Å"excited for† is challenging standard â€Å"excited about† in the speech of younger speakers. If the established uses of â€Å"disappointed in† and â€Å"disappointed by† are displaced, it will be by â€Å"disappointed with,† as in this comment by Drake Bennett: Being disappointed with a person feels different from being disappointed with an outcome, and demands a different response. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Handy Expressions About Hands10 Colloquial Terms and Their Meanings45 Idioms About the Number One

Explain how westward expansion impacted American history Essay

Explain how westward expansion impacted American history - Essay Example However, the process turned to be violent due to the outbreak of the Mexican war. The Western expansion of America has some social, political and economic impact in the history of the country. Politically, the expansion to the west helped in spreading the American ideologies with major support of the Democratic Party. People moved to the western states of Kentucky and Tennessee where they survived under the ideologies of the Democratic Party that subjected great support to expansion (Billington and Martin 9). The early penetration of the Democratic Party in the areas towards the west of America confirms dominance of the party in the regions. The expansion also opened access of USA to the Atlantic and Pacific seas that linked America to other western countries like Mexico and Russia. Socially, the western expansion caused both positive and negative experiences. Positively, the passage of the Homestead Act of 1862 that encouraged people apply free 160-acre plots in the western regions of Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas and Hawaii among others, would see many Blacks from the South migrate to own lands alongside the white slave masters. Social justice and fairness began to appear as a reality to the Black community (Billington and Martin 18). Negatively, the western expansion broke and ruined social life of Native American tribes who constituted the great population in the western sides. The communities struggled to resist the expansion and triggering war that saw displacement and killing of many Indians. Economically, western ward expansion supported expeditious completion of the Transcontinental Railway system that would facilitate trade across America, running from east to west. According to Carlisle, the access to ports along Atlantic and Pacific oceans surrounding some of the regions bought and annexed as part of expansion boosted trade power of America (20). It was easy to access

Review of Cleland Prosthetic Bodies and Virtual Cyborgs Essay

Review of Cleland Prosthetic Bodies and Virtual Cyborgs - Essay Example According to Cleland, the cyborg-like emerging of bodies and technology has become commonplace for a majority of the human activities, such as industrial manufacturing and exploration and that we have, at this point in history, largely embraced human-machine coupling thus enhancing their presence among the populations. Cleland goes further to suggest that a percentage of the world’s population is now composed of cyborgs. These â€Å"cyborgs† come in various types: for instance, people who have GPS chips implanted in their bodies, people with artificial arms and skins as well as those with implanted eye lenses. All of these are examples of practical cyborgs in ordinary human life. Cleland then further expands upon the notion of virtual cyborgs. Virtual cyborgs, or rather, avatars, have become commonplace in the online environment as they provide a critical connection between the virtual world and reality. She states that â€Å"avatars are perceived digital representatio n that behaves or are executed in real time by a human being†.The article succeeds in expounding upon the virtual re-embodiment that becomes possible through avatars in the sense that people can expand their sensory perceptions into virtual environments through the help of avatars. Video games are a perfect example of how this virtual re-embodiment takes place since the player is connected to the virtual environment through the joystick or mouse that can simulate the movement of the avatar in the manner in which the player wants the avatar to behave.